python爬虫库详解（python爬虫必备构建代理IP池）

python爬虫库详解?如果一个固定的ip在短暂的时间内，快速大量的访问一个网站，很容易被服务器查出异常从而被封掉ip代理IP简单的说，就是通过ip代理，从不同的ip进行访问，这样就不会被封掉ip了本次项目就是自己动手构建一个免费的代理ip池，接下来我们就来聊聊关于python爬虫库详解?以下内容大家不妨参考一二希望能帮到您!

python爬虫库详解

如果一个固定的ip在短暂的时间内，快速大量的访问一个网站，很容易被服务器查出异常从而被封掉ip。代理IP简单的说，就是通过ip代理，从不同的ip进行访问，这样就不会被封掉ip了。本次项目就是自己动手构建一个免费的代理ip池。

'''#1分析目标网页（快代理，一个获得免费代理IP的网站），确定爬取的url路径，headers参数'''url = 'https://www.kuaidaili.com/free/inha/1/'headers={'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36'}

'''#1分析目标网页（快代理，一个获得免费代理IP的网站），确定爬取的url路径，headers参数'''url = 'https://www.kuaidaili.com/free/inha/1/'headers={'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36'}

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#2发送请求 ---》requests模拟游览器发送请求，获取响应数据response=requests.get(url=url,headers=headers).text#print(response)

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#3解析数据 --》最强的是re正则，其他的如jsonpath和bs、parsel等等all_ip=re.findall(r"\"IP\">(.*?)</td>",response)#print(len(all_ip))all_type=re.findall(r"\"类型\">(.*?)</td>",response)#print(len(all_type))all_port=re.findall(r"\"PORT\">(.*?)</td>",response)all_data=zip(all_type,all_ip,all_port)for i in enumerate(all_data):print(i)

(0, ('HTTP', '123.55.114.77', '9999'))(1, ('HTTP', '36.248.133.117', '9999'))(2, ('HTTP', '123.163.117.62', '9999'))(3, ('HTTP', '1.197.204.52', '9999'))(4, ('HTTP', '175.155.140.34', '1133'))(5, ('HTTP', '115.218.5.120', '9000'))(6, ('HTTP', '182.87.38.156', '9000'))(7, ('HTTP', '60.168.207.253', '1133'))(8, ('HTTP', '114.99.13.141', '1133'))(9, ('HTTP', '119.108.172.169', '9000'))(10, ('HTTP', '36.248.133.81', '9999'))(11, ('HTTP', '114.239.29.206', '9999'))(12, ('HTTP', '1.196.177.81', '9999'))(13, ('HTTP', '175.44.109.13', '9999'))(14, ('HTTP', '113.124.86.220', '9999'))

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#上面是爬取一页代理IP的代码，我们进行修改，用一个for循环爬取多页all_datas=[] #用一个变量接收各个页的ipimport timefor page in range(2):#先爬取三页试试url = 'https://www.kuaidaili.com/free/inha/{}/'.format(page 1) #url需要更改的地方用{}.foemat进行传参headers={'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36'}#2发送请求 ---》requests模拟游览器发送请求，获取响应数据response=requests.get(url=url,headers=headers).text#print(response)#3解析数据 --》最强的是re正则，其他的如jsonpath和bs、parsel等等all_ip=re.findall(r"\"IP\">(.*?)</td>",response)#print(len(all_ip))all_type=re.findall(r"\"类型\">(.*?)</td>",response)#print(len(all_type))all_port=re.findall(r"\"PORT\">(.*?)</td>",response)all_data=zip(all_type,all_ip,all_port)for i in enumerate(all_data):#print(i)all_datas.append(i) #将变量all_datas依次接收iptime.sleep(1)#设置休眠时间一秒，防止请求服务器太频繁被服务器拒绝请求

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print(all_datas)

[(0, ('HTTP', '123.55.114.77', '9999')), (1, ('HTTP', '36.248.133.117', '9999')), (2, ('HTTP', '123.163.117.62', '9999')), (3, ('HTTP', '1.197.204.52', '9999')), (4, ('HTTP', '175.155.140.34', '1133')), (5, ('HTTP', '115.218.5.120', '9000')), (6, ('HTTP', '182.87.38.156', '9000')), (7, ('HTTP', '60.168.207.253', '1133')), (8, ('HTTP', '114.99.13.141', '1133')), (9, ('HTTP', '119.108.172.169', '9000')), (10, ('HTTP', '36.248.133.81', '9999')), (11, ('HTTP', '114.239.29.206', '9999')), (12, ('HTTP', '1.196.177.81', '9999')), (13, ('HTTP', '175.44.109.13', '9999')), (14, ('HTTP', '113.124.86.220', '9999')), (0, ('HTTP', '175.42.68.174', '9999')), (1, ('HTTP', '182.34.34.20', '9999')), (2, ('HTTP', '113.194.140.60', '9999')), (3, ('HTTP', '113.194.48.139', '9999')), (4, ('HTTP', '123.55.114.42', '9999')), (5, ('HTTP', '175.43.151.240', '9999')), (6, ('HTTP', '123.169.118.141', '9999')), (7, ('HTTP', '123.55.101.33', '9999')), (8, ('HTTP', '1.197.203.69', '9999')), (9, ('HTTP', '120.83.122.236', '9999')), (10, ('HTTP', '36.248.132.246', '9999')), (11, ('HTTP', '58.22.177.123', '9999')), (12, ('HTTP', '36.248.133.68', '9999')), (13, ('HTTP', '121.232.199.252', '9000')), (14, ('HTTP', '114.99.15.142', '1133'))]

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'''用一个方法检测代理ip，去掉一些质量差的ip'''def check_ip(all_datas):headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36'}good_id=[]for i, (type, ip, port) in all_datas:id_dict = {}#print('{}:{}:{}'.format(type, ip, port))id_dict[type] = ip':'port#print(id_dict)try:#获取百度的页面，如果响应时间在0.1秒内，则认为是好用的IPres=requests.get('https://www.baidu.com',headers=headers,proxies=id_dict,timeout=0.1)if res.status_code==200:good_id.append(id_dict)except Exception as error:print(id_dict,error)return good_idgood_id=check_ip(all_datas)print('好用的ip有：',good_id)

好用的ip有： [{'HTTP': '123.55.114.77:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '36.248.133.117:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '123.163.117.62:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '1.197.204.52:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '175.155.140.34:1133', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '115.218.5.120:9000', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '182.87.38.156:9000', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '60.168.207.253:1133', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '114.99.13.141:1133', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '119.108.172.169:9000', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '36.248.133.81:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '114.239.29.206:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '1.196.177.81:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '175.44.109.13:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '113.124.86.220:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '175.42.68.174:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '182.34.34.20:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '113.194.140.60:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '113.194.48.139:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '123.55.114.42:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '175.43.151.240:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '123.169.118.141:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '123.55.101.33:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '1.197.203.69:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '120.83.122.236:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '36.248.132.246:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '58.22.177.123:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '36.248.133.68:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '121.232.199.252:9000', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '114.99.15.142:1133', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}]

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#将获取IP的代码也装封成一个函数，根据需要爬取的页数进行传参def get_id(pages):all_datas = []for page in range(pages):url = 'https://www.kuaidaili.com/free/inha/{}/'.format(page1)headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36'}# 2发送请求 ---》requests模拟游览器发送请求，获取响应数据response = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers).text# print(response)# 3解析数据 --》最强的是re正则，其他的如jsonpath和bs、parsel等等all_ip = re.findall(r"\"IP\">(.*?)</td>", response)# print(len(all_ip))all_type = re.findall(r"\"类型\">(.*?)</td>", response)# print(len(all_type))all_port = re.findall(r"\"PORT\">(.*?)</td>", response)all_data = zip(all_type, all_ip, all_port)for i in enumerate(all_data):# print(i)all_datas.append(i)time.sleep(1)print("获取的ip有{}个".format(len(all_datas)))return all_datasdef check_ip(page=4):'''检测代理ip的方法'''all_datas=get_id(page)headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36'}good_id=[]for i, (type, ip, port) in all_datas:id_dict = {}id_dict[type] = ip':'porttry:res=requests.get('https://www.baidu.com',headers=headers,proxies=id_dict,timeout=0.1)if res.status_code==200:good_id.append(id_dict)except Exception as error:print(id_dict,error)return good_id

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#可以运行一个函数check_ip来获得好用的IP，方便在其他模块进行调用，因为获取代理IP不是爬虫的最终目的#需要在其他代码里获取代理IP时，直接从获取代理IP的模块中导入 这个函数即可if __name__=='__main__':good_ID=check_ip(4)print("好的代理IP",good_ID)

获取的ip有60个好的代理IP [{'HTTP': '123.55.114.77:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '36.248.133.117:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '123.163.117.62:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '1.197.204.52:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '175.155.140.34:1133', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '115.218.5.120:9000', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '182.87.38.156:9000', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '60.168.207.253:1133', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '114.99.13.141:1133', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '119.108.172.169:9000', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '36.248.133.81:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '114.239.29.206:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '1.196.177.81:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '175.44.109.13:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '113.124.86.220:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '175.42.68.174:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '182.34.34.20:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '113.194.140.60:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '113.194.48.139:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '123.55.114.42:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '175.43.151.240:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '123.169.118.141:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '123.55.101.33:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '1.197.203.69:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '120.83.122.236:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '36.248.132.246:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '58.22.177.123:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '36.248.133.68:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '121.232.199.252:9000', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '114.99.15.142:1133', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '123.149.136.23:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '123.149.136.209:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '114.104.138.12:3000', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '121.232.148.211:9000', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '1.198.72.73:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '110.243.29.17:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '175.42.123.89:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '140.255.184.238:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '123.163.27.180:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '123.55.101.167:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '36.248.133.37:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '171.12.221.227:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '175.44.108.106:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '182.34.34.222:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '175.44.109.141:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '123.55.102.66:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '1.197.204.185:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '171.12.115.240:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '171.12.115.236:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '171.35.160.131:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '36.249.53.36:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '112.111.217.106:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '139.155.41.15:8118', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '115.218.7.209:9000', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '163.125.112.207:8118', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '110.243.15.151:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '175.155.143.39:1133', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '221.224.136.211:35101', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '36.250.156.31:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}, {'HTTP': '123.101.237.216:9999', 'klab_external_proxy_service_port': '80'}]